| this company is Intel’s fiercest competition with its Athlon and Opteron processors [acronym] |
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| a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system; most of it is volatile, meaning that it requires electrical power to hold data [acronym] |
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| a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine [acronym] |
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| ROM ______ is a small set of instructions that tell the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM. [acronym] |
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| ______ memory is a type of battery-powered integrated circuit that holds semi-permanent configuration data. [acronym] |
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| ______ size refers to the number of bits that a microprocessor can manipulate at one time. |
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| A pincushion-like pin-grid ______ (PGA) is a square chip package with pins arranged in concentric squares, typically used for microprocessors. |
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| this provides codes for 128 characters (uppercase letters, lowercase letters, punctuation symbols, and numerals); seven bits are used for each character; its extended version uses eight bits and provides codes for 256 characters which include graphical symbols [acronym] |
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| this is special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than from memory located elsewhere on the motherboard |
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| The microprocessor ______ is a timing device that sets the pace for executing instructions; Megahertz (MHz) means a million cycles per second, Gigahertz (GHz) means a billion cycles per second. |
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| this company is the world’s largest chipmaker with its Pentium, Itanium, and Celeron processors |
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| An ______ device works with continuous data whereas a digital device with discrete data. |
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| this number system uses two symbols: 0, 1 (base 2) |
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| A dual in-line memory ______ (DIMM) is a small circuit board containing several chips, typically used for memory. |
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| The processor must complete all steps in the instruction cycle before it begins to execute the next instruction during ______ processing. |
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| this number system uses ten symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (base 10) |
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| ______ data consists of numbers that might be used in arithmetic operations. |
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| A dual in-line ______ (DIP) has two rows of pins that resemble caterpillar legs; these “legs” connect the IC circuitry to a circuit board. |
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| this uses 16 bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters, which is useful for representing the alphabets of multiple languages |
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| ______ memory is a computer’s use of hard disk storage to simulate RAM. |
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| Multiple instructions are executed at the same time during ______ processing. |
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| In RAM, a charged ______ represents an “on” bit, and a discharged one represents an “off” bit. |
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| A single edge contact (SEC) ______ houses a circuit board and microprocessor chip; it looks like a cassette tape. |
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| ______ data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in arithmetic operations. |
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| A ______ ______ processor is a single integrated circuit containing circuitry for two microprocessors. |
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| this term is often used when referring to RAM and hard disk capacity; its prefix means a billion (1,000,000,000) |
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| this term is often used when referring to the size of small computer files; its prefix means a thousand (1,000) |
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| this term is often used when referring to the size of medium to large computer files; its prefix means a million (1,000,000) |
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| a sort of “scratch pad” area of the ALU and control unit into which data or instructions are moved so that they can be processed |
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| The ______ logic unit is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic and logic operations. |
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| a set of tests used to measure computer hardware or software performance |
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| this technique allows a processor to begin executing an instruction before it completes the previous instruction |
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| computer’s main circuit board that provides sockets for chips, slots for small circuit boards, and the circuitry that connects all these components |
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| the part of the ALU that directs and coordinates processing [two words] |
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| an integrated circuit designed to process instructions; it is the most important, and usually the most expensive component of a computer |
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| substances with properties between those of a conductor and those of an insulator |
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| a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements, such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors [two words] |
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| process of transforming data (such as numbers, text, music, photos, and videos) into a form that computers can use for processing [two words] |
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