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Pre-Constitution US History
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Puritans : Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth’s reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Led the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Mainly settled in the North, and had an emphasis on enterprise.
Pilgrims : Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers. Religious dissenters against the Church of England.
Separatists : Members of an offshoot branch of Puritanism. Separatists believed that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed and hence were convinced they must separate from it to save their souls.
Quakers : Rejected formal theology, focusing instead on the Holy Spirit that dwelt within them. They were committed to religious tolerance and pacifism, and were also religious dissenters.
Covenant Chain : An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies.
Great Migration : Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643. Between these years, some 20,000 people relocated to Massachusetts. In 1630 they built Boston.
Mayflower Compact : The first document of self-government in North America. Stated that settlers combined themselves into a civil body politic.
Mercantilism : Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.
Acculturation : A process in which members of one culture adopt beliefs and behaviors of another culture. This happened in America to slaves on large rice plantations.
Seven Years War : War fought in North America, Europe, and India between 1756 and 1763, pitting France and its allies against Great Britain and its allies.
Slave Codes : A series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them.
Great Awakening : A movement in retaliation to the enlightenment, led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. A return to religious enthusiasm.
Enlightenment : Movement stressing the importance of reason and the existence of discoverable natural laws. These laws could be applied to one’s own benefit, and generally went against the orthodox views of religion that disorder, human failure, and the mysteries of God would prevail.
Halfway Covenant : Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership, allowing children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion.
New Lights : People who experienced conversions during the revivals of the Great Awakening. They railed against Arminianism as a rationalist heresy and called for a revival of Calvinism.
Old Lights : Religious faction that condemned emotional enthusiasm as part of the heresy of believing in a personal and direct relationship with God outside the order of the church.
Predestination : The belief that God had already chosen who to save and who to damn, and that nothing would change God's mind. This belief elicited a strong visceral reaction from its listeners when preached.
Republicanism : The idea that there existed conspiracies to replace liberty and institute tyranny. This was a complex, changing body of ideas, values, and assumptions, closely related to country ideology, which influenced American political behavior during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Sugar Act : Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue, enacting a tax of 3 pence per gallon on foregin molasses, also increasing restrictions on colonial commerce.
Declaratory Act : Law passed in 1766, declaring that Britain had all authority over the colonists in all matters whatsoever.
Intolerable Acts : Legislation passed in 1774, the final acts that pushed the colonists to form a Continental Congress in order to deal with the British abusing their power and abusing the colonies.
Continental Congress : Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies held in 1774 in response to the Intolerable acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, adopted the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, and agreed to establish the Continental Association.
Declaration of Independence : The document by which the second Continental Congress separated the colonies from the British government.
Boston Massacre : March 5, 1770, British troops fire on civilians in Boston, killing five.
Quebec Act : Law passed by Parliament in 1774 that provided an appointed government for Canada, enlarged the boundaries of Quebec, and confirmed the privileges of the Catholic Church.
Valley Forge : The Continental Army's stay in this area during the winter from December 1777 to June 1778 truly made them a fighting force with the help of Prussian mercenary, Friederich von Steuben.
Continental Army : The regular or professional army authorized by the Second Continental Congress and commanded by General George Washington during the Revolutionary War. More than 100,000 men served in this army under George Washington.
Tories : The negative term used to describe British colonists who opposed independence from Britain.
Patriots : British colonists who favored independence from Britain.
Yorktown : The battle that won the Revolutionary War, where Cornwallis surrendered at _______.
Articles of Confederation : Written document setting up the first national government of the United States. Notorious for being too decentralized and having major flaws in the weakness of the central government.
Land Ordinance : Act passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was made available for sale.
Northwest Ordinance : Legislation that prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territories and provided the model for the incorporation of future territories into the union as co-equal states.
Bill of Rights : A written summary of inalienable rights and liberties, guaranteeing among many things, the right of free speech, religion, right to bear arms, and the right to assemble.
Shays Rebellion : An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787. The rebellion created a crisis atmosphere, and was a reason for scrapping the Articles of Confederation for the Constitution.
Nationalists : Group of leaders in the 1780s who spearheaded the drive to replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger central government.
Virginia Plan : Proposal calling for a national legislature in which the states would be represented according to population. Wanted to scrap the articles and consolidate government with the power to tax and to enforce its laws rather than by acting through the state.
New Jersey Plan : Proposal for a strengthened national government in which all states would have an equal representation in a unicameral legislature. This was one of two plans whose constituent parts went into making the Great Compromise.
Great Compromise : Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House.
Federalists : Supporters of strong central government and proportional representation of states based on population. Did not think a bill of rights was necessary.
Anti federalists : Supporters of strong state governments and a weak central government. Thought a bill of rights was absolutely essential, and thought that all states should get an equal vote in congress.
Pre-Constitution US History
Across:3. | Supporters of strong state governments and a weak central government. Thought a bill of rights was absolutely essential, and thought that all states should get an equal vote in congress. | 8. | Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth. | 11. | War fought in North America, Europe, and India between 1756 and 1763, pitting France and its allies against Great Britain and its allies. | 19. | The battle that won the Revolutionary War, where Cornwallis surrendered at _______. | 20. | Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643. Between these years, some 20,000 people relocated to Massachusetts. In 1630 they built Boston. |
| 23. | A process in which members of one culture adopt beliefs and behaviors of another culture. This happened in America to slaves on large rice plantations. | 25. | Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue, enacting a tax of 3 pence per gallon on foregin molasses, also increasing restrictions on colonial commerce. | 26. | British colonists who favored independence from Britain. | 27. | Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers. Religious dissenters against the Church of England. | 28. | Movement stressing the importance of reason and the existence of discoverable natural laws. These laws could be applied to one’s own benefit, and generally went against the orthodox views of religion that disorder, human failure, and the mysteries of God would prevail. |
| | Down:1. | The regular or professional army authorized by the Second Continental Congress and commanded by General George Washington during the Revolutionary War. More than 100,000 men served in this army under George Washington. | 2. | Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth’s reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Led the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Mainly settled in the North, and had an emphasis on enterprise. | 4. | Legislation passed in 1774, the final acts that pushed the colonists to form a Continental Congress in order to deal with the British abusing their power and abusing the colonies. | 5. | An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787. The rebellion created a crisis atmosphere, and was a reason for scrapping the Articles of Confederation for the Constitution. | 6. | Proposal for a strengthened national government in which all states would have an equal representation in a unicameral legislature. This was one of two plans whose constituent parts went into making the Great Compromise. | 7. | Law passed in 1766, declaring that Britain had all authority over the colonists in all matters whatsoever. | 9. | Written document setting up the first national government of the United States. Notorious for being too decentralized and having major flaws in the weakness of the central government. | 10. | Members of an offshoot branch of Puritanism. Separatists believed that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed and hence were convinced they must separate from it to save their souls. | 12. | A series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them. |
| 13. | An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies. | 14. | Proposal calling for a national legislature in which the states would be represented according to population. Wanted to scrap the articles and consolidate government with the power to tax and to enforce its laws rather than by acting through the state. | 15. | Group of leaders in the 1780s who spearheaded the drive to replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger central government. | 16. | The belief that God had already chosen who to save and who to damn, and that nothing would change God's mind. This belief elicited a strong visceral reaction from its listeners when preached. | 17. | Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House. | 18. | Rejected formal theology, focusing instead on the Holy Spirit that dwelt within them. They were committed to religious tolerance and pacifism, and were also religious dissenters. | 21. | The Continental Army's stay in this area during the winter from December 1777 to June 1778 truly made them a fighting force with the help of Prussian mercenary, Friederich von Steuben. | 22. | People who experienced conversions during the revivals of the Great Awakening. They railed against Arminianism as a rationalist heresy and called for a revival of Calvinism. | 24. | The negative term used to describe British colonists who opposed independence from Britain. |
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© 2014
PuzzleFast.com, Noncommercial Use Only
Pre-Constitution US History
Across:3. | Supporters of strong state governments and a weak central government. Thought a bill of rights was absolutely essential, and thought that all states should get an equal vote in congress. | 8. | Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth. | 11. | War fought in North America, Europe, and India between 1756 and 1763, pitting France and its allies against Great Britain and its allies. | 19. | The battle that won the Revolutionary War, where Cornwallis surrendered at _______. | 20. | Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643. Between these years, some 20,000 people relocated to Massachusetts. In 1630 they built Boston. |
| 23. | A process in which members of one culture adopt beliefs and behaviors of another culture. This happened in America to slaves on large rice plantations. | 25. | Law passed in 1764 to raise revenue, enacting a tax of 3 pence per gallon on foregin molasses, also increasing restrictions on colonial commerce. | 26. | British colonists who favored independence from Britain. | 27. | Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers. Religious dissenters against the Church of England. | 28. | Movement stressing the importance of reason and the existence of discoverable natural laws. These laws could be applied to one’s own benefit, and generally went against the orthodox views of religion that disorder, human failure, and the mysteries of God would prevail. |
| | Down:1. | The regular or professional army authorized by the Second Continental Congress and commanded by General George Washington during the Revolutionary War. More than 100,000 men served in this army under George Washington. | 2. | Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth’s reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Led the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Mainly settled in the North, and had an emphasis on enterprise. | 4. | Legislation passed in 1774, the final acts that pushed the colonists to form a Continental Congress in order to deal with the British abusing their power and abusing the colonies. | 5. | An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787. The rebellion created a crisis atmosphere, and was a reason for scrapping the Articles of Confederation for the Constitution. | 6. | Proposal for a strengthened national government in which all states would have an equal representation in a unicameral legislature. This was one of two plans whose constituent parts went into making the Great Compromise. | 7. | Law passed in 1766, declaring that Britain had all authority over the colonists in all matters whatsoever. | 9. | Written document setting up the first national government of the United States. Notorious for being too decentralized and having major flaws in the weakness of the central government. | 10. | Members of an offshoot branch of Puritanism. Separatists believed that the Church of England was too corrupt to be reformed and hence were convinced they must separate from it to save their souls. | 12. | A series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them. |
| 13. | An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies. | 14. | Proposal calling for a national legislature in which the states would be represented according to population. Wanted to scrap the articles and consolidate government with the power to tax and to enforce its laws rather than by acting through the state. | 15. | Group of leaders in the 1780s who spearheaded the drive to replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger central government. | 16. | The belief that God had already chosen who to save and who to damn, and that nothing would change God's mind. This belief elicited a strong visceral reaction from its listeners when preached. | 17. | Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House. | 18. | Rejected formal theology, focusing instead on the Holy Spirit that dwelt within them. They were committed to religious tolerance and pacifism, and were also religious dissenters. | 21. | The Continental Army's stay in this area during the winter from December 1777 to June 1778 truly made them a fighting force with the help of Prussian mercenary, Friederich von Steuben. | 22. | People who experienced conversions during the revivals of the Great Awakening. They railed against Arminianism as a rationalist heresy and called for a revival of Calvinism. | 24. | The negative term used to describe British colonists who opposed independence from Britain. |
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© 2014
PuzzleFast.com, Noncommercial Use Only