en CR Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz 37 allele: Alternative form of a gene interkinesis: Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replication takes place homologue: Member of a homologous pair of chromosomes. sexual reproduction: Reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization zygote: Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization. synapsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. gamete: Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm. meiosis: Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations. anaphase: Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle. angiogenesis: Formation of new blood vessels; one mechanism by which cancer spreads. asexual reproduction: Reproduction that requires only one parent and does not involve gametes. aster: Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells. binary fission: Splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells; serves as an asexual form of reproduction in bacteria. Chromatin: Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing. Cyclin: Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle. cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis. interphase: Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing. autosome: Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair. codominance: Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed. heterozygous: Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait. gene locus: Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait. recessive Allele: Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote, its expression is masked by a dominant allele. pleiotropy: Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual. phenotype: Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes. multifactorial trait: The result of the interaction of several genes, traits. dihybrid cross : Cross between parents that differ in two traits. dominant allele: Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote. gene locus: Specific location of a particular gene on homologous chromosomes. Genotype: Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits. Homozygous: Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait. incomplete dominance: Inheritance pattern in which the offspring has an intermediate phenotype monohybrid cross: Cross between parents that differ in only one trait. polygenic inheritance: Pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allelic pairs Punnett square: Grid used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses. recessive allele: Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote testcross: Cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype. Unifactorial: One gene consisting of a single pair of alleles, one dominant and one recessive. wild type: Phenotype or genotype that is characteristic of the majority of individuals of a species in a natural environment. chromosomal mutation: Alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species. chromosome theory of inheritance: The idea that chromosomes are the carriers of genes deletion: Change in chromosome structure in which the end of a chromosome breaks off or two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment, often causes abnormalities duplication: Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome. Euploidy: Cells containing only complete sets of chromosomes. gene linkage: Relationship between genes on the same chromosome. inversion: Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalitites karyotype: Chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size, shape, and general appearance in mitotic karyotype metaphase. linkage group: Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together. cell signaling pathway: begins when a chemical signal binds to a receptor protein in a target cell's plasma membrane in vivo techniques: involve attempting to alter cells without removing them various human disorders: result from abnormal chromosome number or structure karyotyping: reveals changes in chromosome number and chromosome structure based on a change in the normal banding patterns of the chromosome DNA: is transcribed to give mRNA DNA ligase: seals DNA into an opening created by the restriction enzyme P site: for tRNA attached to a peptide

Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

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	5			6

	7					8
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					10
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			16
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		19
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	21

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			25
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			27				28										29

					30

												31
32
									33

Across:

1.	Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
3.	Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual.
6.	Grid used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses.
7.	result from abnormal chromosome number or structure
9.	Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells.
10.	Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait.
13.	Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.
15.	Alternative form of a gene
16.	is transcribed to give mRNA
17.	Cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype.

19.	Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
21.	Cross between parents that differ in two traits.
22.	Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization.
24.	Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
25.	Relationship between genes on the same chromosome.
30.	Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes.
31.	One gene consisting of a single pair of alleles, one dominant and one recessive.
32.	Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits.
33.	seals DNA into an opening created by the restriction enzyme

Down:

2.	Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome.
3.	for tRNA attached to a peptide
4.	Reproduction that requires only one parent and does not involve gametes.
5.	Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalitites
8.	Member of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
9.	Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.
11.	Phenotype or genotype that is characteristic of the majority of individuals of a species in a natural environment.
12.	The result of the interaction of several genes, traits.
13.	Alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species.

14.	Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing.
18.	Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote, its expression is masked by a dominant allele.
20.	Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations.
21.	Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote.
23.	reveals changes in chromosome number and chromosome structure based on a change in the normal banding patterns of the chromosome
26.	Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm.
27.	Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
28.	Specific location of a particular gene on homologous chromosomes.
29.	Cells containing only complete sets of chromosomes.

Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

Across:

1.	Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
3.	Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual.
6.	Grid used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses.
7.	result from abnormal chromosome number or structure
9.	Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells.
10.	Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait.
13.	Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.
15.	Alternative form of a gene
16.	is transcribed to give mRNA
17.	Cross between an individual with the dominant phenotype and an individual with the recessive phenotype.

19.	Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
21.	Cross between parents that differ in two traits.
22.	Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization.
24.	Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
25.	Relationship between genes on the same chromosome.
30.	Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes.
31.	One gene consisting of a single pair of alleles, one dominant and one recessive.
32.	Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits.
33.	seals DNA into an opening created by the restriction enzyme

Down:

2.	Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome.
3.	for tRNA attached to a peptide
4.	Reproduction that requires only one parent and does not involve gametes.
5.	Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalitites
8.	Member of a homologous pair of chromosomes.
9.	Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.
11.	Phenotype or genotype that is characteristic of the majority of individuals of a species in a natural environment.
12.	The result of the interaction of several genes, traits.
13.	Alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species.

14.	Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing.
18.	Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote, its expression is masked by a dominant allele.
20.	Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations.
21.	Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote.
23.	reveals changes in chromosome number and chromosome structure based on a change in the normal banding patterns of the chromosome
26.	Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm.
27.	Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
28.	Specific location of a particular gene on homologous chromosomes.
29.	Cells containing only complete sets of chromosomes.