en CR genetics 33 Ligase : Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the formation of covalent bonds using the energy released by the cleavage of ATP. Mitosis: The process of cell replication. Helicase : A DNA binding protein that functions to unwind the double helix. Chromosomes : Composed of chromatin and carry genes in a linear sequence. Locus : The position of a gene on a chromosome.. Telomerase : A ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that elongates chromosomal ends in the 5' to 3' direction by the addition of telomeric DNA sequences. Polynucleotide : A long chain of linked nucleotides. Lagging strand : The discontinuously synthesized strand of DNA containing ligated Okazaki fragments. Okazaki fragments : Short fragments, a few hundred nucleotides long, discontinuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on the lagging strand of DNA that is being replicated by DNA polymerase. Gyrase : This enzyme prepares the DNA for proteins that require unwinding of the duplex or single stranded regions in order to participate in such processes as replication,transcription, repair and recombination. Primase : An enzyme that creates short primer sequences needed for the discontinuous replication of DNA. Polyploidy : The condition in which an individual processes one or more sets of homologous chromosomes in excess of the normal two sets found in diploid organisms. homologous : (of chromosomes) pairing at meiosis and having the same structural features and patterns of genes. Taq polymerase :A heat stable DNA polymerase that is normally used in PCR. It was isolated from Thermobiusaquaticus. Trisomy : A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei causing developmental abnormalties. Gene : The fundamental unit of inheritance, comprising of a segment of DNA that codes for one or several related functions and occurs at a fixed position on a chromosome. Diploid : Describing a nucleus, cell, or, organism with twice the haploid number of chromosomes characteristic of the species. Homozygous : Describing an organism or cell in which the alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes are identical. Haploid : Describing a nucleus,cell, or organism with a single set of unpaired chromosomes. Autosome : Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome and occurs in pairs in diploid cells. Allele : One of two or more forms of a gene arising by mutation and occupying the same relative locus on homologous chromosomes. recessive : The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype when two different alleles are present in the cells of an organism. Pleiotropy : A copy of an inherited condition but results an environmental factor. Genotype : The genetic constitution of a cell or an organism. Chromatid : A threadlike strand formed from a chromosome during the early stages of cell devision. Aneuploidy : The condition in which the chromosome number of the cells or an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species. Meiosis : A type of nuclear devision that gives rise to four reproductive cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. back cross : A cross between a hybrid of the first generation and one of its parents, or of the offspring resulting from such a mating. topoisomerase : These enzymes alter DNA topology by changing the linking number of circular duplex DNA, or by interconverting tennoted and catenoted forms. Telomere : In eukaryotes, a specialised region at the end of chromosomes, consisting of tandem repeats of short DNA sequences bound to specefic proteins. PCR : A techinique of molecular genetics in which a particular sequence of DNA can be isolated and amplified sufficiently to enable genetic analysis. monohybrid cross : A mating between two individuals, both of which are heterozygous genetically identical at a given locus. Auxotroph : a strain of a micro-organism,derived by a mutation that requires one or more specefic factors for growth not needed by the parent organism. Prototroph : A strain of a mirco-organism that have the nutritional requirements of the wild type or non-mutant species.

genetics

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Across:

1.	A strain of a mirco-organism that have the nutritional requirements of the wild type or non-mutant species.
4.	An enzyme that creates short primer sequences needed for the discontinuous replication of DNA.
6.	Describing a nucleus,cell, or organism with a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
8.	In eukaryotes, a specialised region at the end of chromosomes, consisting of tandem repeats of short DNA sequences bound to specefic proteins.
9.	Composed of chromatin and carry genes in a linear sequence.
10.	A type of nuclear devision that gives rise to four reproductive cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
16.	The fundamental unit of inheritance, comprising of a segment of DNA that codes for one or several related functions and occurs at a fixed position on a chromosome.
18.	A heat stable DNA polymerase that is normally used in PCR. It was isolated from Thermobiusaquaticus.

20.	Describing a nucleus, cell, or, organism with twice the haploid number of chromosomes characteristic of the species.
21.	a strain of a micro-organism,derived by a mutation that requires one or more specefic factors for growth not needed by the parent organism.
22.	Describing an organism or cell in which the alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes are identical.
28.	A long chain of linked nucleotides.
29.	A cross between a hybrid of the first generation and one of its parents, or of the offspring resulting from such a mating.
30.	The condition in which the chromosome number of the cells or an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species.
31.	The genetic constitution of a cell or an organism.
32.	A copy of an inherited condition but results an environmental factor.

Down:

2.	These enzymes alter DNA topology by changing the linking number of circular duplex DNA, or by interconverting tennoted and catenoted forms.
3.	A threadlike strand formed from a chromosome during the early stages of cell devision.
5.	Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome and occurs in pairs in diploid cells.
7.	The discontinuously synthesized strand of DNA containing ligated Okazaki fragments.
11.	One of two or more forms of a gene arising by mutation and occupying the same relative locus on homologous chromosomes.
12.	The condition in which an individual processes one or more sets of homologous chromosomes in excess of the normal two sets found in diploid organisms.
13.	(of chromosomes) pairing at meiosis and having the same structural features and patterns of genes.
14.	A DNA binding protein that functions to unwind the double helix.
15.	Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the formation of covalent bonds using the energy released by the cleavage of ATP.

17.	A ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that elongates chromosomal ends in the 5' to 3' direction by the addition of telomeric DNA sequences.
18.	A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei causing developmental abnormalties.
19.	Short fragments, a few hundred nucleotides long, discontinuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on the lagging strand of DNA that is being replicated by DNA polymerase.
23.	This enzyme prepares the DNA for proteins that require unwinding of the duplex or single stranded regions in order to participate in such processes as replication,transcription, repair and recombination.
24.	The process of cell replication.
25.	The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype when two different alleles are present in the cells of an organism.
26.	The position of a gene on a chromosome..
27.	A techinique of molecular genetics in which a particular sequence of DNA can be isolated and amplified sufficiently to enable genetic analysis.

genetics

Across:

1.	A strain of a mirco-organism that have the nutritional requirements of the wild type or non-mutant species.
4.	An enzyme that creates short primer sequences needed for the discontinuous replication of DNA.
6.	Describing a nucleus,cell, or organism with a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
8.	In eukaryotes, a specialised region at the end of chromosomes, consisting of tandem repeats of short DNA sequences bound to specefic proteins.
9.	Composed of chromatin and carry genes in a linear sequence.
10.	A type of nuclear devision that gives rise to four reproductive cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
16.	The fundamental unit of inheritance, comprising of a segment of DNA that codes for one or several related functions and occurs at a fixed position on a chromosome.
18.	A heat stable DNA polymerase that is normally used in PCR. It was isolated from Thermobiusaquaticus.

20.	Describing a nucleus, cell, or, organism with twice the haploid number of chromosomes characteristic of the species.
21.	a strain of a micro-organism,derived by a mutation that requires one or more specefic factors for growth not needed by the parent organism.
22.	Describing an organism or cell in which the alleles at a given locus on homologous chromosomes are identical.
28.	A long chain of linked nucleotides.
29.	A cross between a hybrid of the first generation and one of its parents, or of the offspring resulting from such a mating.
30.	The condition in which the chromosome number of the cells or an individual is not an exact multiple of the typical haploid set for the species.
31.	The genetic constitution of a cell or an organism.
32.	A copy of an inherited condition but results an environmental factor.

Down:

2.	These enzymes alter DNA topology by changing the linking number of circular duplex DNA, or by interconverting tennoted and catenoted forms.
3.	A threadlike strand formed from a chromosome during the early stages of cell devision.
5.	Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome and occurs in pairs in diploid cells.
7.	The discontinuously synthesized strand of DNA containing ligated Okazaki fragments.
11.	One of two or more forms of a gene arising by mutation and occupying the same relative locus on homologous chromosomes.
12.	The condition in which an individual processes one or more sets of homologous chromosomes in excess of the normal two sets found in diploid organisms.
13.	(of chromosomes) pairing at meiosis and having the same structural features and patterns of genes.
14.	A DNA binding protein that functions to unwind the double helix.
15.	Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the formation of covalent bonds using the energy released by the cleavage of ATP.

17.	A ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that elongates chromosomal ends in the 5' to 3' direction by the addition of telomeric DNA sequences.
18.	A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei causing developmental abnormalties.
19.	Short fragments, a few hundred nucleotides long, discontinuously synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction on the lagging strand of DNA that is being replicated by DNA polymerase.
23.	This enzyme prepares the DNA for proteins that require unwinding of the duplex or single stranded regions in order to participate in such processes as replication,transcription, repair and recombination.
24.	The process of cell replication.
25.	The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype when two different alleles are present in the cells of an organism.
26.	The position of a gene on a chromosome..
27.	A techinique of molecular genetics in which a particular sequence of DNA can be isolated and amplified sufficiently to enable genetic analysis.

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