en CR Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz 31 allele: Alternative form of a gene interkinesis: Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replication takes place homologue: Member of a homologous pair of chromosomes. sexual reproduction: Reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization zygote: Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization. synapsis: Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. gamete: Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm. meiosis: Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations. life cycle: ecurring pattern of genetically programmed events by which individuals grow, develop, maintain themselves, and reproduce. anaphase: Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle. angiogenesis: Formation of new blood vessels; one mechanism by which cancer spreads. apoptosis: Programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell asexual reproduction: Reproduction that requires only one parent and does not involve gametes. aster: Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells. benign tumor: Mass of cells derived from a single mutated cell that has repeatedly undergone cell division but has remained at the site of origin. binary fission: Splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells; serves as an asexual form of reproduction in bacteria. centriole: Cell organelle, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division. Chromatin: Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing. Cyclin: Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle. cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis. interphase: Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing. metastasis: Spread of cancer from the place of origin throughout the body, caused by the ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade tissues. autosome: Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair. codominance: Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed. heterozygous: Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait. gene locus: Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait. recessive Allele: Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote, its expression is masked by a dominant allele. pleiotropy: Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual. phenotype: Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes. multifactorial trait: The result of the interaction of several genes, traits. Locus: The physical location of a gene within a chromosome. Monosomy: One less chromosome than usual. Nondisjunction: Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively. Polyploid: Having a chromosome number that is a multiple greater than twice that of the monoploid number. sex chromosome: Chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; in humans, females have two X chromosomes, and males have an X and a Y chromosome. Syndrome: Group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder. Translocation: Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities Trisomy: Having three of a particular type of chromosome X linked: Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sexual characteristics of an animal. X linked recessive: Sex linked inheritance always expressed in the male offspring X linked dominant: Can be transmitted through both parents. The children of an affected female have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. The daughters of affected males have a 100 percent chance of having the disease. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Hereditary Disease. Mutation of X linked gene for dystrophin. Relates to calcium homeostasis. Causes Atrophy. Affects only males, carried by females. Most men die by the age of 20. oncogene viruses: can insert viral DNA into human chromosomes oncogenic viruses: can cause the cell cycle to repeat and result in tumor Proto oncogenes: genes that regulate cell division enucleated egg cell: nucleus removed from cell prokaryotes gene regulation: transcription operon: A cluster of bacterial genes that controls transcription regulatory gene codes: protein that can bind to an operator for a repressor promoter: where RNA polymerase binds Barr body: inactive X chromosome Heterochromatin: inactive genes Euchromatin: active genes, is loosely packed and lightly stained, and generally contains active genes Heterochromatin: is a tightly packed and darkly stained and generally contains inactive genes cyclin D: proto oncogene that codes for cyclin directly single regulatory protein: have a decisive effect if last protein, needed to turn on a gene feedback control: regulates the activity of proteins proteasomes: degrades or destroys proteins

Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

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Across:

2.	Can be transmitted through both parents. The children of an affected female have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. The daughters of affected males have a 100 percent chance of having the disease.
4.	The physical location of a gene within a chromosome.
5.	Mass of cells derived from a single mutated cell that has repeatedly undergone cell division but has remained at the site of origin.
9.	One less chromosome than usual.
10.	Alternative form of a gene
11.	Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing.
12.	A cluster of bacterial genes that controls transcription

14.	Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
18.	Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
22.	Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm.
25.	Cell organelle, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division.
26.	Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells.
27.	proto oncogene that codes for cyclin directly
28.	Reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization

Down:

1.	Sex linked inheritance always expressed in the male offspring
3.	Formation of new blood vessels; one mechanism by which cancer spreads.
5.	Splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells; serves as an asexual form of reproduction in bacteria.
6.	Group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder.
7.	Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
8.	Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities
11.	Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replication takes place
13.	Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization.
15.	can cause the cell cycle to repeat and result in tumor

16.	Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes.
17.	active genes, is loosely packed and lightly stained, and generally contains active genes
19.	Programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell
20.	Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair.
21.	Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.
23.	Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sexual characteristics of an animal.
24.	Having three of a particular type of chromosome
25.	Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.

Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

Across:

2.	Can be transmitted through both parents. The children of an affected female have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disease. The daughters of affected males have a 100 percent chance of having the disease.
4.	The physical location of a gene within a chromosome.
5.	Mass of cells derived from a single mutated cell that has repeatedly undergone cell division but has remained at the site of origin.
9.	One less chromosome than usual.
10.	Alternative form of a gene
11.	Stages of the cell cycle G1, S, G2 during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing.
12.	A cluster of bacterial genes that controls transcription

14.	Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
18.	Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
22.	Haploid sex cell, egg and sperm.
25.	Cell organelle, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division.
26.	Short, radiating fibers produced by the centrosomes on animal cells.
27.	proto oncogene that codes for cyclin directly
28.	Reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization

Down:

1.	Sex linked inheritance always expressed in the male offspring
3.	Formation of new blood vessels; one mechanism by which cancer spreads.
5.	Splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells; serves as an asexual form of reproduction in bacteria.
6.	Group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder.
7.	Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
8.	Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities
11.	Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replication takes place
13.	Diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes. the product of fertilization.
15.	can cause the cell cycle to repeat and result in tumor

16.	Visible expression of a genotype, brown eyes or attached earlobes.
17.	active genes, is loosely packed and lightly stained, and generally contains active genes
19.	Programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell
20.	Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair.
21.	Mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.
23.	Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sexual characteristics of an animal.
24.	Having three of a particular type of chromosome
25.	Protein that cycles in quantity as the cell cycle progresses, combines with and activates the kinases that function to promote the events of the cycle.

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Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

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Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

Biology Ch. 8-13 Quiz

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