enFISB2-B28
Transport proteins : proteins that move substances across a plasma membrane
Ribosomes : organelles that manufacture proteins
Nucleolus : site of ribosome production
Chromosomes : structures that carry hereditary genetic material (genes)
Chromatin : relaxed form of DNA in cell’s nucleus
Genes : DNA segments
Homologous Chromosomes : chromosomes that make a pair (one from each parent)
Genetic Recombination : New genes created by crossing over
Double Helix : twisted ladder shape of DNA
Nucleosome : repeating subunit of chromatin fibers , consisting of DNA coiled around histones
RNA : Ribonucleic Acid
DNA Polymerase : enzyme that catalyzes addition of appropriate nucleotides to new DNA
Messenger RNA : RNA strand that goes from nucleus to a ribosome then to the synthesis of a specific protein.
Ribosomal RNA : associates with proteins to form ribosomes in cytoplasm
Transfer RNA : smaller segments of RNA transports amino acids to Ribosomes
Transcription : DNA codes are transferred to mRNA in the nucleus
RNA Polymerase : enzyme that catalyzes addition of appropriate nucleotides to new RNA
Codon : 3 nucleotide based code in RNA or DNA (AUG, TAC)
Translation : the process of making a protein from mRNA code
Mutation : a permanent change in a cells DNA
Selective Breeding : desired traits for certain organisms are passed down
Inbreeding : breeding to have desired traits and get rid of undesired traits
Test Cross : breeding and organism that has the unknown genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for a desired trait
Genetic Engineering : technology that allows manipulation of DNA
Genome : total DNA present in nucleus of each cell
Restriction Enzymes : bacterial proteins that cuts DNA into fragments
Gel Electrophoresis : electric current that separates DNA by size of fragments
Recombinant DNA : newly generated DNA that can be used as a vector
DNA Ligase : enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together
Transformers : process on which bacterial cells take up recombinant plasmid DNA
Cloning : process in which large numbers of identical recombinant DNA molecules are produced
Polymerase Chain Reaction : technique used to make millions of copies of a specific region of DNA fragment (PCR)
Transgenic Organisms : organisms that is generally engineered by inserting a gene from another organism
DNA Fingerprinting : separating an organisms unique sequence of DNA fragments to observe distinct bonding patterns
Bioinformatics : (Field of study) creating and maintaining databases of biological information
DNA Microarrays : tiny microscopes spotted with DNA finger prints
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism : when a single nucleotide in a gene is altered
Haplotypes : regions of linked variations in the human genome
Pharmacogenomics : study of how genetic inheritance affects bodies response to drugs
Gene Therapy : a technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseas
Genomics : the study of an organisms genome
Proteomics : large scale study and cataloging of the structure and function of proteins in the human body
SB2-B
R
I
T
I
H
Y
R
A
Y
A
E
S
T
N
T
N
G
E
C
O
H
O
C
I
A
S
N
DNA segments
Ribonucleic Acid
site of ribosome production
the study of an organisms genome
a permanent change in a cells DNA
organelles that manufacture proteins
relaxed form of DNA in cell’s nucleus
total DNA present in nucleus of each cell
technology that allows manipulation of DNA
the process of making a protein from mRNA code
bacterial proteins that cuts DNA into fragments
tiny microscopes spotted with DNA finger prints
3 nucleotide based code in RNA or DNA (AUG, TAC)
DNA codes are transferred to mRNA in the nucleus
regions of linked variations in the human genome
enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together
proteins that move substances across a plasma membrane
associates with proteins to form ribosomes in cytoplasm
electric current that separates DNA by size of fragments
structures that carry hereditary genetic material (genes)
smaller segments of RNA transports amino acids to Ribosomes
process on which bacterial cells take up recombinant plasmid DNA
study of how genetic inheritance affects bodies response to drugs
enzyme that catalyzes addition of appropriate nucleotides to new RNA
(Field of study) creating and maintaining databases of biological information
process in which large numbers of identical recombinant DNA molecules are produced
large scale study and cataloging of the structure and function of proteins in the human body
breeding and organism that has the unknown genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for a desired trait